ICRISAT | Genebanks | CGIAR Genebank Initiative

Publications

RS Paroda Genebank

ICRISAT focuses on pulses and cereals that are important for food security in the semi-arid areas of the world.

Accessions of wild cereals ready for multiplication at the ICRISAT genebank. Credit: Shawn Landersz

The main genebank collection is at the center’s headquarters in Hyderabad, India, and there are additional facilities in Niger, Kenya and Zimbabwe.

The genebank holds more than 123,000 accessions, almost 50,000 of which are pulses of various kinds, mostly chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut, and their wild relatives. Sorghum is the most dominant single species, with 39,000 accessions. There are about 33,000 accessions of millets, including almost 23,000 of pearl millet.

ICRISAT developed the idea of mini-core collections, a representative sample of about 1% of the accessions of a species, selected and evaluated to help breeders find the traits they are interested in. Research is continuing to develop additional mini-core collections in collaboration with breeders.

ICRISAT maintains a Plant Quarantine Laboratory where incoming and outgoing samples are examined and certified by officials of the Indian Plant Quarantine Services.

Useful information

Head of Genebank: Kuldeep Singh

Key performance indicators of CGIAR genebanks, 2012-2021

HINT: Use the search key to filter the data. For descriptions of performance indicators, click here.

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Crop	Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Chickpea	1. Total number of accessions	20,267	20,267	20,602	20,602	20,602	20,764	20,764	20,764	20,764	20,609
Chickpea	2. Total number of accessions that are currently available	11,638	14,672	16,633	18,759	20,173	19,152	19,203	19,118	19,556	18,209
Chickpea	3. Number of seed accessions	20,267	20,267	20,602	20,602	20,602	20,764	20,764	20,764	20,764	20,609
Chickpea	4. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chickpea	5. Number of live plant accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chickpea	6. Number of seed accessions held in long-term storage and safety duplicated at two levels	3,800	3,800	3,800	3,800	3,800	3,800	3,800	3,800	3,800	3,800
Chickpea	7. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions in cryopreservation or safety duplicated as in vitro	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chickpea	8. Number of wild species accessions						137	137	42	71	71
Groundnut	1. Total number of accessions	14,863	14,863	15,446	15,446	15,622	15,622	15,622	15,699	15,699	15,353
Groundnut	2. Total number of accessions that are currently available	7,328	10,295	10,950	11,551	12,108	14,203	14,215	13,954	13,719	14,346
Groundnut	3. Number of seed accessions	14,863	14,863	15,446	15,446	15,622	15,622	15,622	15,699	15,699	15,353
Groundnut	4. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Groundnut	5. Number of live plant accessions	78	78	78	78	0	0	74	77	77	77
Groundnut	6. Number of seed accessions held in long-term storage and safety duplicated at two levels	2,006	2,006	2,006	2,006	2,006	2,006	2,006	2,006	2,006	2,006
Groundnut	7. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions in cryopreservation or safety duplicated as in vitro	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Groundnut	8. Number of wild species accessions						369	369	251	261	260
Pearl Millet	1. Total number of accessions	22,211	22,211	22,879	23,092	23,092	23,841	23,841	24,514	24,514	24,530
Pearl Millet	2. Total number of accessions that are currently available	10,950	16,858	20,393	21,131	21,041	22,727	22,856	22,115	22,949	23,278
Pearl Millet	3. Number of seed accessions	22,211	22,211	22,879	23,092	23,092	23,841	23,841	24,514	24,514	24,530
Pearl Millet	4. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pearl Millet	5. Number of live plant accessions	0	0	9	9	0	0	141	141	141	141
Pearl Millet	6. Number of seed accessions held in long-term storage and safety duplicated at two levels	5,205	5,205	5,205	5,205	5,205	5,205	5,205	5,205	5,205	7,724
Pearl Millet	7. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions in cryopreservation or safety duplicated as in vitro	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pearl Millet	8. Number of wild species accessions						786	786	402	509	499
Pigeon pea	1. Total number of accessions	13,362	13,632	13,771	13,771	13,778	13,778	13,783	13,783	13,783	13,558
Pigeon pea	2. Total number of accessions that are currently available	6,720	9,014	11,300	10,030	11,359	13,124	13,173	12,399	12,479	13,252
Pigeon pea	3. Number of seed accessions	13,362	13,632	13,771	13,771	13,778	13,778	13,783	13,783	13,783	13,558
Pigeon pea	4. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pigeon pea	5. Number of live plant accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pigeon pea	6. Number of seed accessions held in long-term storage and safety duplicated at two levels	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pigeon pea	7. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions in cryopreservation or safety duplicated as in vitro	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pigeon pea	8. Number of wild species accessions						509	509	396	420	443
Small millets	1. Total number of accessions	10,235	10,235	11,082	11,457	11,466	11,797	11,797	11,797	11,797	11,780
Small millets	2. Total number of accessions that are currently available	5,046	7,485	8,595	8,641	10,455	10,657	10,918	10,479	11,210	11,358
Small millets	3. Number of seed accessions	10,235	10,235	11,082	11,457	11,466	11,797	11,797	11,797	11,797	11,780
Small millets	4. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Small millets	5. Number of live plant accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Small millets	6. Number of seed accessions held in long-term storage and safety duplicated at two levels	7,622	7,622	7,622	7,622	7,622	7,622	7,622	7,622	7,622	7,622
Small millets	7. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions in cryopreservation or safety duplicated as in vitro	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Small millets	8. Number of wild species accessions						258	258	221	222	222
Sorghum	1. Total number of accessions	37,949	37,949	39,234	39,553	39,948	41,023	41,023	41,816	42,400	42,815
Sorghum	2. Total number of accessions that are currently available	18,709	26,410	36,506	37,160	38,067	40,234	40,347	40,154	40,522	41,540
Sorghum	3. Number of seed accessions	37,949	37,949	39,234	39,553	39,948	41,023	41,023	41,816	42,400	42,815
Sorghum	4. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sorghum	5. Number of live plant accessions	0	0	0	0	0	0	73	73	48	48
Sorghum	6. Number of seed accessions held in long-term storage and safety duplicated at two levels	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		15,000
Sorghum	7. Number of vegetatively-propagated accessions in cryopreservation or safety duplicated as in vitro	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sorghum	8. Number of wild species accessions						457	457	311	383	366

Genebank operations, 2012-2021

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Crop	Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Chickpea	1. Number of accessions with passport & characterization data available	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	20,764	20,764	20,764
Chickpea	2. Number accessions received	820	0	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	232
Chickpea	3. Number accessions regenerated	596	390	183	496	1,556	396	11	20	8	35
Chickpea	4. Number accessions multiplied	2,384	1,569	732	1,983	932	1,582	3,150	905	1,622	1,600
Chickpea	5. Number accessions health tested	0	793	841	2,334	1,563	1,240	1,615	1,706	5	662
Chickpea	6. Number accessions cleaned	0	492	365	0	334	485	574	503	1	398
Chickpea	7. Number accessions viability tested	2,983	2,907	865	2,607	932	3,155	4,601	1,503	208	1,588
Groundnut	1. Number of accessions with passport & characterization data available	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	0	0	0
Groundnut	2. Number accessions received	0	0	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
Groundnut	3. Number accessions regenerated	1,115	185	392	335	0	252	1,116	124	61	122
Groundnut	4. Number accessions multiplied	4,456	728	1,567	1,679	686	1,010	2,813	625	1,129	1,039
Groundnut	5. Number accessions health tested	0	192	297	685	803	954	200	1,317	1,674	1,288
Groundnut	6. Number accessions cleaned	0	132	270	0	443	253	143	447	289	1,081
Groundnut	7. Number accessions viability tested	1,551	727	1,633	1,386	781	1,345	2,107	2,886		1,788
Pearl Millet	1. Number of accessions with passport & characterization data available	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	24,373	24,373	24,390
Pearl Millet	2. Number accessions received	101	55	400	277	918	924	1,087	111	0	20
Pearl Millet	3. Number accessions regenerated	260	95	188	188	847	209	43	15	482	417
Pearl Millet	4. Number accessions multiplied	1,044	846	753	944	774	836	1,151	713	184	1,272
Pearl Millet	5. Number accessions health tested	0	1,091	1,716	0	2,193	804	803	990	5	1,356
Pearl Millet	6. Number accessions cleaned	0	954	1,641	0	989	569	667	376	4	1,192
Pearl Millet	7. Number accessions viability tested	768	577	1,113	974	827	1,972	2,221	3,044	1,601	1,712
Pigeon pea	1. Number of accessions with passport & characterization data available	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	13,783	13,783	13,787
Pigeon pea	2. Number accessions received	0	7	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	57
Pigeon pea	3. Number accessions regenerated	206	180	112	167	1,900	220	68	22	761	55
Pigeon pea	4. Number accessions multiplied	1,098	711	445	832	1,632	880	1,175	924	31	706
Pigeon pea	5. Number accessions health tested	0	888	536	833	0	1,889	1,604	565	866	755
Pigeon pea	6. Number accessions cleaned	0	626	435	0	0	1,475	1,506	109	664	613
Pigeon pea	7. Number accessions viability tested	563	1,252	539	947	1,922	2,122	1,155	2,447	114	1,570
Small millets	1. Number of accessions with passport & characterization data available	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	473	0	0
Small millets	2. Number accessions received	854	15	431	393	466	485	1,139	434	0	57
Small millets	3. Number accessions regenerated	245	140	114	76	1,553	126	188	130	100	152
Small millets	4. Number accessions multiplied	0	560	456	381	1,645	504	714	591	660	798
Small millets	5. Number accessions health tested	973	442	1,090	719	555	6,495	372	913	363	51
Small millets	6. Number accessions cleaned	0	234	309	0	282	336	165	275	171	32
Small millets	7. Number accessions viability tested	944	1,057	924	375	1,624	2,130	1,133	675	0	339
Sorghum	1. Number of accessions with passport & characterization data available	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	41,816	41,816	42,788
Sorghum	2. Number accessions received	932	560	396	624	1,167	1,620	1,997	832	0	118
Sorghum	3. Number accessions regenerated	290	450	452	566	1,279	249	357	862	165	1,126
Sorghum	4. Number accessions multiplied	1,154	1,842	1,810	2,832	1,045	996	798	215	1,609	863
Sorghum	5. Number accessions health tested	0	2,117	1,122	1,777	1,067	1,870	1,751	703	376	1,796
Sorghum	6. Number accessions cleaned	0	1,007	973	0	276	1,319	300	230	204	1,173
Sorghum	7. Number accessions viability tested	1,500	1,465	1,663	2,833	1,281	2,461	2,649	8,317	895	5,146

Number of samples distributed to users within and outside the CGIAR, 2012-2021

HINT: Use the search key to filter the data. For descriptions of performance indicators, click here.

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Crop	Indicator	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
All crops	1. Total number external germplasm requests	89	114	107	121	101	111	61	52	64	63
Chickpea	2. Number of samples distributed within the CGIAR	402	457	347	158	5,145	1,418	3,555	7,051	515	7,760
Chickpea	3. Number of samples distributed outside the CGIAR	1,160	252	14,961	4,078	1,023	3,353	6,696	570	798	24,993
Chickpea	4. Total number of samples distributed	1,562	709	15,308	4,236	6,168	4,771	10,251	7,621	1,313	32,753
Chickpea	5. Number of accessions distributed within the CGIAR	345	417	338	157	5,125	1,273	2,824	7,034	514	5,700
Chickpea	6. Number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR	319	165	2,820	2,539	657	2,784	4,141	566	543	5,945
Chickpea	7. Total number of accessions distributed	664	582	3,158	2,696	5,782	4,057	6,965	7,600	1,057	11,645
Chickpea	8. Total number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA							4,141	566	543	5,945
Chickpea	9. Total number of unique accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA						2,447	2,148	566	330	3,741
Groundnut	2. Number of samples distributed within the CGIAR	476	658	922	398	1,604	429	84	283	11	519
Groundnut	3. Number of samples distributed outside the CGIAR	304	122	807	440	595	464	1,019	400	5	184
Groundnut	4. Total number of samples distributed	780	780	1,729	838	2,199	893	1,103	683	16	703
Groundnut	5. Number of accessions distributed within the CGIAR	226	241	541	199	1,574	255	76	265	10	290
Groundnut	6. Number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR	205	111	435	217	300	279	275	216	5	184
Groundnut	7. Total number of accessions distributed	431	352	976	416	1,874	534	351	481	15	474
Groundnut	8. Total number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA							275	216	5	184
Groundnut	9. Total number of unique accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA						249	271	216	5	184
Pearl Millet	2. Number of samples distributed within the CGIAR	339	883	376	237	12	271	144	575	84	362
Pearl Millet	3. Number of samples distributed outside the CGIAR	496	840	559	763	730	3,149	491	2,167	3,349	1,337
Pearl Millet	4. Total number of samples distributed	835	1,723	935	1,000	742	3,420	635	2,742	3,433	1,699
Pearl Millet	5. Number of accessions distributed within the CGIAR	22	383	372	217	6	256	100	318	84	351
Pearl Millet	6. Number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR	490	470	306	273	697	2,900	276	1,381	3,258	1,290
Pearl Millet	7. Total number of accessions distributed	512	853	678	490	703	3,156	376	1,699	3,342	1,641
Pearl Millet	8. Total number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA							276	1,381	3,258	1,290
Pearl Millet	9. Total number of unique accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA						1,892	263	1,381	2,822	991
Pigeon pea	2. Number of samples distributed within the CGIAR	52	315	1,288	19	382	15	64	2,097	16	692
Pigeon pea	3. Number of samples distributed outside the CGIAR	283	1,186	1,279	971	825	2,152	4,559	86	134	543
Pigeon pea	4. Total number of samples distributed	335	1,501	2,567	990	1,207	2,167	4,623	2,183	150	1,235
Pigeon pea	5. Number of accessions distributed within the CGIAR	44	301	1,268	18	303	14	45	1,956	16	413
Pigeon pea	6. Number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR	246	383	449	608	333	1,827	1,000	83	134	408
Pigeon pea	7. Total number of accessions distributed	290	684	1,717	626	636	1,841	1,045	2,039	150	821
Pigeon pea	8. Total number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA							1,000	83	134	408
Pigeon pea	9. Total number of unique accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA						942	999	83	134	408
Small millets	2. Number of samples distributed within the CGIAR	0	1	0	193	40	163	169	113	137	806
Small millets	3. Number of samples distributed outside the CGIAR	185	660	1,166	1,065	1,636	2,197	159	1,404	1,977	2,062
Small millets	4. Total number of samples distributed	185	661	1,166	1,258	1,676	2,360	328	1,517	2,114	2,868
Small millets	5. Number of accessions distributed within the CGIAR	0	1	0	193	40	135	151	110	137	531
Small millets	6. Number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR	148	362	828	709	961	1,767	159	1,247	1,288	1,571
Small millets	7. Total number of accessions distributed	148	363	828	902	1,001	1,902	310	1,357	1,425	2,102
Small millets	8. Total number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA							159	1,247	1,288	1,571
Small millets	9. Total number of unique accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA						604	159	1,247	859	1,339
Sorghum	2. Number of samples distributed within the CGIAR	2,390	849	999	1,156	1,803	739	215	783	45	531
Sorghum	3. Number of samples distributed outside the CGIAR	1,926	1,435	1,434	409	923	2,561	260	4,099	1,177	819
Sorghum	4. Total number of samples distributed	4,316	2,284	2,433	1,565	2,726	3,300	475	4,882	1,222	1,350
Sorghum	5. Number of accessions distributed within the CGIAR	1,936	342	919	545	1,789	465	210	729	45	510
Sorghum	6. Number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR	723	583	975	386	893	2,547	260	4,098	1,161	767
Sorghum	7. Total number of accessions distributed	2,659	925	1,894	931	2,682	3,012	470	4,827	1,206	1,277
Sorghum	8. Total number of accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA							260	4,098	1,161	767
Sorghum	9. Total number of unique accessions distributed outside the CGIAR with SMTA						2,221	259	4,098	1,073	490

Genebank Platform publications, 2017-2020

Recent publications with at least one CGIAR genebank staff as author. HINT: Use the search key to filter the data.

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Authors	Article title	Publication name	URL
Hamidou, F., Sani, A., Y Hassane, B., Falke, A., Upadhyaya, H.D	Screening of chickpea accessions for resistance against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).	Journal of Stored Products Research	READ
Khedikar, Y., Pandey, M., Sujay, V., Singh, S., Nayak, S., Klein-Gebbinck, H., Sarvamangala, C., Mukri, G., Garg, V., Upadhyaya, H.,Nadaf, H. L., Gowda, M. V. C., Varshney, Bhat, R.	Identification of main effect and epistatic quantitative trait loci for morphological and yield-related traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).	Molecular Breeding	READ
Bab u, B., Sood, S., Kumar, D., Joshi, A., Pattanayak, A., Kant, L., Upadhyaya, H. D.	Cross-genera transferability of rice and finger millet genomic SSRs to barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp.).	3 Biotech	READ
Upadhyaya, H., Narsimha Reddy, K., Vetriventhan, M., Irshad Ahmed, M., Reddy, M.	Latitudinal adaptation of flowering response to Photoperiod and temperature in the world collection of Sorghum landraces.	Crop Science	READ
Kumari, W.M.R., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.G., Weerakoon, W.M.W., Senanayake, D.M.J.B., Upadhyaya, H.D.	Morphological characterization of local and introduced finger millet (Elusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) germplasm in Sri Lanka.	Tropical Agricultural Research	READ
Vetriventhan, M., Upadhyaya, H.	Diversity and trait-specific sources for productivity and nutritional traits in the global proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) germplasm collection.	The Crop Journal	READ
Bhagyawant, S., Gautam, A., Narvekar, D., Gupta, N., Bhadkaria, Nidhi Srivastava, Hari D. Upadhyaya	Biochemical diversity evaluation in chickpea accessions employing mini-core collection.	Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants	READ
Basu, U., Bajaj, D., Sharma, A., Malik, N., Daware, A., Narnoliya, L., Thakro, V., Upadhyaya, H., Kumar, R., Tripathi, S., Bharadwaj, C., Tyagi, A., Parida, S.	Genetic dissection of photosynthetic efficiency traits for enhancing seed yield in chickpea.	Plant Cell Environment	READ
Opole, R. A. , Prasad, P. V. V., Djanaguiraman, M., Vimala, K., Kirkham, M. B., Upadhyaya, H. D.	Thresholds, sensitive stages and genetic variability of finger millet to high temperature stress.	Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science	READ
Basu, U., Srivastava, R., Bajaj, D., Thakro, V., Daware, A., Malik, N., Upadhyaya, H., Parida S.	Genome-wide generation and genotyping of informative SNPs to scan molecular signatures for seed yield in chickpea.	Scientific Reports	READ

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ICRISAT field staff working the pigeonpea Regeneration and Characterisation field. Credit: Shawn Landersz

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)

Publications

RS Paroda Genebank

Useful information

Key performance indicators of CGIAR genebanks, 2012-2021

Genebank operations, 2012-2021

Number of samples distributed to users within and outside the CGIAR, 2012-2021

Genebank Platform publications, 2017-2020

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